Glossary of Terms
| Term | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Assured shorthold tenancies | The assured shorthold tenancy gives the tenant the right to occupy a property for a fixed period of time, provided that they keep to the terms of their Tenancy Agreement. At the end of the fixed period of time (often 12 months), the landlord or the tenant has the right to terminate the tenancy. |
| Asylum seekers and refugees | An asylum seeker is someone who has lodged an application for protection on the basis of the Refugee Convention or Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. A refugee is a person who "owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country" - Amnesty International (external link). |
| Bariatric Surgery | Bariatric surgery includes a variety of procedures performed on people who are obese. Weight loss is achieved by reducing the size of the stomach with an implanted medical device (gastric banding) or through removal of a portion of the stomach (sleeve gastrectomy or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch) or by resecting and re-routing the small intestines to a small stomach pouch (gastric bypass surgery). |
| BME groups | The Audit Commission A compact for East Sussex: Code of Practice on Black and minority ethnic voluntary and community groups, Consultation Draft, July 2005 have defined, black and minority ethnic people to include the following census categories of ethnicity: White Irish, White Other (including white asylum seekers and refugees and Gypsies and Travellers), Mixed (White and Black Caribbean, White and Black African, White and Asian, any other mixed background), Asian or Asian British (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, any other Asian background), Black or Black British (Caribbean, African or any other Black background), Chinese, and any other ethnic group. |
| BMI | Body Mass Index is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults and children. It is defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres (kg/m2). |
| Carer’s Allowance | Taxable benefit for people who are giving regular and substantial care to someone who is in receipt of the qualifying benefit and social care support. |
| Child Benefit | Child benefit (children's allowance) is a tax-free social security payment disbursed to the parents or guardians of children. As of April 2010, £20.30 per week is paid for the first child (including the eldest of a multiple birth) and £13.40 per week is paid for each additional child. Higher-rate taxpayers will no longer receive this benefit from 2013. |
| Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) | Following the 2010 White Paper, 'Equity and Excellence: Liberating the NHS' from April 2013, GPs will be responsible for designing and commissioning local health services In England. These groups of GPs, normally working to the boundaries of the local authority are called Clinical Commissioning Groups. They will work with patients and healthcare professionals and in partnership with local communities and local authorities. |
| Child Tax Credit | Child tax credit can be claimed by a family with children with an income below £42,000. Higher rates are paid for disabled children. It is the name for tax credits issued in some countries that depends on the number of dependent children in a family. It is only available for families making less than £42,000 per year. |
| Commissioning | Commissioning in the NHS is the process of ensuring that the health and care services provided effectively meet the needs of the population. It is a cycle of work from understanding the needs of a population and gap analysis, to purchasing services contract negotiation and evaluation. |
| CQUIN | The Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) payment framework enables commissioners to reward excellence by linking a proportion of providers’ income to the achievement of local quality improvement goals. |
| Criminogenic needs | They are attributes of offenders that are directly linked to criminal behaviour. |
| DSR (directly standardised rates) | It is the number of deaths, usually expressed per 100,000, that would occur in that area if it had the same age structure as the standard population and the local age-specific rates of the area applied. Directly standardised mortality rate is calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the actual local population in a particular age group multiplied by the standard population for that particular age group and summing across the relevant age groups. |
| Dual Diagnosis | When a person has mental illness together with a substance abuse and or alcohol problem. |
| Early Years Foundation Stage | It comprises a set of Welfare Requirements and a set of Learning and Development Requirements which must be followed by providers of care for children below 5 years old - the age of compulsory education in the United Kingdom. |
| Employment and Support Allowance | Employment and Support Allowance provides financial help to people who are unable to work because of illness or disability. It also provides personalised support to those who are able to work. |
| Excess deaths in winter | This is the difference between the number of deaths which occurred in winter (December to March) and the average number of deaths during the preceding four months (August to November) and the subsequent four months (April to July). |
| Total fertility rate | It represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children according to the current age-specific fertility rate. |
| Fluvial flooding | Fluvial flooding occurs when rivers overflow and burst their banks, due to high or intense rainfall which flows into them. |
| FOB - faecal occult blood test | The faecal occult blood (FOB) test is designed to detect the presence of faecal occult blood in a stool sample, which is invisible to the naked eye. There are several conditions which cause intestinal bleeding:- ulcers, colitis, polyps and colorectal (bowel) cancer. |
| Fuel poverty | This occurs when, in order to heat a home to an adequate standard of warmth, a household needs to spend more than 10% of its income to maintain an adequate heating regime. |
| GLA | Greater London Authority |
| Health inequalities | The difference in health status or in the distribution of health determinants between different population groups. |
| Healthy equity audit | A health equity audit supports the narrowing of the health inequalities gap by informing the planning process on inequalities in a local area. It enables healthcare commissioners to target resources or implement changes in practice. |
| Housing Benefit | Housing benefit is a means tested social security benefit that is intended to help meet housing costs for rented accommodation. |
| Hypothermia | A potentially fatal condition, occurs when body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C). |
| Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) | It combines a number of indicators, chosen to cover a range of economic, social and housing issues, into a single deprivation score for each lower super output area (LSOA) in England. This allows each area to be ranked relative to one another according to their level of deprivation. |
| Income based Employment and Support Allowance | A person receives this allowance when his/her ability to work is limited by ill health or disability. |
| Job Seekers Allowance (JSA) | Jobseeker’s allowance is a benefit for people who are unemployed but capable of work. There are two types of Jobseeker’s Allowance, contribution-based (non-means-tested) Jobseeker's Allowance and income-based (means-tested). Jobseeker's Allowance. |
| Infant mortality rate (IMR) | It is the number of deaths of babies under one year of age per 1,000 live births. |
| KHAT | The leaves of an Arabian shrub, which are chewed (or drunk as an infusion) and used as a stimulant. |
| Life expectancy | It is the average number of years a newborn would expect to live if they experience the mortality rates of the current period throughout their life time. |
| Morbidity | A diseased state, disability, or poor health due to any cause. |
| Mortality | The condition of being mortal, or susceptible to death. |
| NCL | North Central London |
| Needs assessment | This is a systematic method for reviewing the health and social care issues facing a population, leading to agreed priorities and resource allocation that will improve health and well-being and reduce inequalities. |
| ONS | Office of National Statistics |
| Percentile | It is the value of a variable below which a certain percent of observations fall. |
| PM10 particulate | Airborne particles that are smaller than 10 µm in diameter (about a fifth of the thickness of a human hair). They are produced by the combustion of wood and fossil fuels, as well as by various industrial and natural processes. |
| Population age structure | The distribution of the population by age, used in analysis of demographic trends. |
| Population density | Population density (in agriculture standing stock and standing crop) is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans. |
| Population projections | Population projections are calculations that show the future population size and structure based on assumptions about future trends in fertility, mortality and migration, derived from an analysis of recent demographic trends. They are produced first at national level and then by region and by local authority. |
| Population Turnover - Transiency | Population mobility, geographic mobility or more simply mobility is a statistic that measures migration within a population. It is most commonly used in demography and human geography; it may also be used to describe the movement of animals between populations. |
| Randomised controlled trial (RCT) | An experimental design used for testing the effectiveness of a new medication or a new therapeutic procedure. Individuals are assigned randomly to a treatment group (experimental therapy) and a control group (placebo or standard therapy) and the outcomes are compared. This represents the best scientific evidence available. |
| Shisha | An oriental tobacco pipe with a long flexible tube connected to a container where the smoke is cooled by passing through water. |
| SMR (Standardised mortality ratio) | Standardised mortality ratio is a comparison of the number of the observed deaths in a population with the number of expected deaths if the age-specific death rates were the same as a standard population. It is expressed as a ratio of observed to expected deaths, multiplied by 100. |
| Social Marketing | Social marketing is the systematic application of marketing, along with other concepts and techniques, to achieve specific behavioural goals for a social good. |
| Stakeholder | Person/organisation interested in how a project or service is delivered and developed. |
| Super Output Area (SOA) | A Super Output Area (SOA) is a geographical area designed for the collection and publication of small area statistics. SOAs allow population comparison across Enland, because the units are more similar in size of population than, for example, electoral wards. |
| Working Tax Credit | The Working Tax Credit is a state benefit in the United Kingdom made to people who work on a low income. It is a part of the current system of refundable (or non-wastable) tax credits introduced in April 2003 and is a means-tested social security benefit. |
For more information on the JSNA, please email JSNA@haringey.gov.uk.
